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Catherine Hayes (soprano)
Catherine Hayes, married name Catherine Bushnell, (1818? – 11 August 1861) was a world-famous Irish soprano of the Victorian era. According to London's ''Daily Express'', "Hayes was the 'Madonna' of her day; she was the 19th-century operatic equivalent of the world's most famous pop star."
==Youth in Limerick and education in Dublin and Paris (1818–1845)==
Hayes was baptized on 8 November 1818.〔 She was born of humble Anglo-Irish parentage at 4 Patrick Street, Limerick. Her father was the musician Arthur Williamson Hayes;〔 he abandoned the family,〔 and young Kate Hayes grew up very poor with her mother and sister.〔〔
In 1838, her vocal talents attracted the notice of Edmund Knox, the Church of Ireland bishop of Limerick.〔〔 She then gave private performances for the local Protestant Ascendancy.〔
Through Bishop Knox's exertions, funds were procured to enable Hayes to study in Dublin under Antonio Sapio, from 1 April 1839 until August 1842.〔 Her first appearance took place on 3 May 1839 at Sapio's annual concert in the charitable fundraising theatre at the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin (now the Gate Theatre).〔 Early next year she sang in her native Limerick, and then frequently in Dublin, and soon raised her terms to ten guineas a concert.〔 After hearing Grisi and Mario in ''Norma'' on 13 Sept. 1841, she decided to come out on the lyric stage, and, going to Paris on 12 Oct. 1842, studied under Manuel Garcia, who after a tuition of a year and a half advised her to proceed to Italy.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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